参考答案： In the sphere of agricultural science and technology, China has been narrowing its gap with the advanced countries. The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to China’s agriculture has increased from 20 percent in 1949 to 4-2 percent. The sci-tech agricultural departments have made tremendous progress in bio-technology, new and high technology and basic research，and the cultivation of plant cells and tissues，haploid breeding and the research on its application have already reached world advanced level. Bilinear hybrid rice, hybrid com breeding, and multi-crop planting technologies have reached or got close to world advanced level. In addition，an important breakthrough has been made in the utilization of the advantages of hybrid beans. Since 1949，Chinese agricultural scientists have bred over 40 new crops，including nearly 5,0high-yield, good-quality varieties with strong resistance. Thus the major crops have been renovated four to five times, with an increase of yield by 10 to 30 percent each time. The per- hectare yield of grain crops has increased from 1. 16 tons in 1950 to 4. 82 tons, an increase of over 1.8 times.The Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, who is internationally renowned as “Father of Hybrid Rice” for his tremendous achievements in the breeding of hybrid rice, has rewritten China’s history of rice cultivation in the second half of the 20th century and has made extraordinary contributions to the solution of mankind’s “food，，problem. Thanks to his contributions, 51 percent of China’s paddy-fields is used to grow fine varieties of hybrid rice, with an average increase of 20 percent in yield.To spread advanced sci-tech achievements to the countryside, relevant government departments have carried out a number of sci-tech programs directly geared to the economic development of rural areas，such as the Spark Program，the Promotion Plan of Important Scientific Achievements, the Bumper Harvest Plan, and the Prairie Fire Program, which have played an important role in promoting farmers’ sci-tech education.
Meanwhile, agricultural departments have imported more than 100,000 crops and nursery stocks, and have cultivated a number of new varieties of rice, com and wheat. Many advanced technologies have found extensive application in agricultural production.
解题思路： 1.缩小差距：通常译为narrowthe gap (with)。贡献率：contribution rate。注意汉语原文中 的“现在”不必译出，因为动词的时态已经清楚地表明了这一点。另外，原文是一句， 参考译文分译成两句，这样较为平实自然。如译成一句，可译为：In its constant efforts to narrow its gap with the advanced countries in the sphere of agricultural science and technology, China has increased the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress from 20 percent in 1949 to 42 percent.
2.世界先进水平：通常译为worldadvanced evel。请注意这个词组与动词的搭配。“处于”
和“达到”（世界先进水平）这里都用了 reach，但是“处于” M能用完成时，“达到” 则也可以用一般时。如：
a)China’s information technology will reach world advanced level in a few years.
几年后中国的信息技术将达到世界先进水平。
3.科学技术的“突破”通常译为breakthrough,如 a breakthrough in medicine/a medical a major breakthrough (医学上的突破）。“大豆杂种优势利用研究”有人译为the research of making use of the advantages of hybrid beans, {B making use of 极为勉强，因为 research 后 面通常跟介词on加相关的名词（或名词化了的动词）。这里如果逐字译出，也只能译为 the research on the utilization (或 use) of the advantages of hybrid beans0 后面白勺参考译文 中省去了 research—词，更为简洁。
4.农作物品种的“更新”通常用renovate,不能用renew。
5.“增加到”通常译为 increase (from...) to...本句也可译为：The per-hectare yield of grain crops has increased by 180%，from 1.16 tons in 1950 to 4. 82 tons.倍数的译法请参见 Skills of Translation 部分。
6.本句在词序方面略作调整，把“在杂交水稻方面的研究成果”的译文提前，一方面先介 绍袁隆平为什么会被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，对普通英语读者更容易接受，另一方面为后 面的译文减轻了 “负担”，读来更为顺畅。另外，“解决人类的口粮问题”有人译为... (to) solving the issue of mankind’s grain ration,犯了三个错误D —、需要解决和克服的 “问题”，应译为problem; issue指人们在讨论的或有争议的“问题”，二者不可混为一 谈；二、“ 口粮”即粮食，而grain ration大概指我国粮食匮乏年代的定量配给；三、英语 中contribution to后面必须跟名词形式，动名词形式隐含着某个逻辑主语，所以在这里不 能使用。
7.这里译文中增加了短语Thanksto his contributions,表达了原文的隐含意义。不然本句与 上文的联系就断了。
8.这里“组织实施”只要译出“实施”的意思即可，如逐字译成organised the implementation,反而有画蛇添足之嫌。“促进农民科技素质的提高”应理解为“促进对 农民的科技教育”，其中“农民的科技素质”如译成farmers’ sci-tech quality,不太符合 英语的思维和表达习惯。
9.“从世界各地引进”用import —词足矣，没有必要再添from various countries and regions of the world,徒增累赘。在英语里，凡是上下文中已经表达清楚的意义，通常不必说得 太白。
10.“得以广泛应用”有人译为 have been extensively applied。这里改为 have found extensive application，更为自然贴切。在较为正式的文体中，常常需要把汉语中的动词用英语的 名词形式译出。
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