2017年大学英语四六级常考语法之宾语从句
宾语从句有三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
1.大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句;
1)从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连
2)从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换
3)从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词
例1：
He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
例2：
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车。
2. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
3. 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
练习：
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
参考答案及解析
1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2.C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5.A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
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